The effect of filters and varying illumination on contrast sensitivity in eyes with moderate to severe visual impairment

PurposeTo investigate the effect of filters and illumination on contrast sensitivity in persons with cataract, pseudophakia, maculopathy and glaucoma to provide a guide for eye care providers in low vision rehabilitation.Materials and methodsA within-subjects experimental design with a counter-balanced presentation technique was employed in this study. The contrast sensitivity of eyes with cataract, pseudophakia, maculopathy and glaucoma was measured with filters (no filter, yellow, pink and orange) combined with increasing illumination levels (100 lx, 300 lx, 700 lx and 1000 lx) using the SpotChecks (TM) contrast sensitivity chart. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsThe yellow filter at 100 lx significantly improved contrast sensitivity in the maculopathy group. There were no significant improvements with either intervention in the rest of the groups. There was, however, a significant interaction between filters and illumination in the cataract group.ConclusionThere were small improvements in contrast sensitivity at low illumination levels with the yellow filter in the maculopathy group, and this could be considered in clinical practice and low vision rehabilitation. Overall, filters at most illumination levels did not benefit most groups.