Optimizing Spatial Location and Service Capacity of New Schools Toward Maximum Equity in the Distribution of Educational Resources

Educational facilities are an important part of public service facilities. The scientific planning of educational facilities is conducive to the optimal allocation of educational resources and the equalization of educational services. In view of the insufficient supply and uneven spatial distribution of urban educational service facilities, this study adopted an improved two-step optimization method to maximize the equality of school accessibility by optimizing the spatial location and service capacity of urban primary schools. First, the improved p-median model was constructed, and the Teitz-Bart algorithm was used to solve the model to site new primary schools. Second, a quadratic programming method was used to optimize the service capacity of new primary schools. Finally, the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to analyze and evaluate the accessibility of population centers to schools before and after the site selection and service capacity optimization of new schools. The results show that the improved two-step optimization approach can effectively determine the best locations and service capacity of new schools to improve the spatial accessibility of schools and realize the fair distribution of educational resources.