Recent Advances in Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio- or Stereoselective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes

Hydrofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes is increasingly important in preparing and modifying carbon -centered organic molecules such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and material precursors. The development of transition -metal -catalysts has revolutionized the hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons, greatly improving the synthetic efficiency and selectivity of these reactions. In recent years, notable progress has been achieved in low-cost metal -catalyzed alkene and alkyne hydrofunctionalization reactions following the utilization of traditional precious metal catalysts, including palladium, platinum, and rhodium. Earth -abundant cobalt catalysts, which are low in toxicity and exhibit unique reactivity and selectivity, are widely implemented in academic and industrial research. In this review, we highlight recent examples of cobalt -catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes to provide an overview of hydrofunctionalization methods, particularly hydroalkylation reactions. Hydroalkylation reactions greatly expand the scope and utility of cobalt -catalyzed couplings of carbon- carbon bonds. We also highlight the mechanistic considerations and selective determinants involved. We hope our discussion will be informative for future developments in cobalt catalysis and hydrofunctionalization reactions.