Assessment of natural enemies of honeybee (Apis mellifera jemenitica) in the Asir region, Southwestern, Saudi Arabia

The occurrence and status of natural enemies of honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia was conducted during 2019 and 2020. The existence of natural enemies, particularly pests and predators, is one of the most significant problem for beekeepers in the Asir region. A total of 78 apiaries were selected from two different geographical locations (Sarat and Tihama) in the Asir region. Honey bee colonies were attacked by 17 pests and predators species in the Tihama region, compared to 15 in Sarwat mountain region of southwestern Saudi Arabia. In order of significance, wasp (Philanthus triangulum), bee-eating bird (Merops apiaster), Varroa-mite (Varroa destructor), wax moth (Achroia grisella), and spider (Misumena sp.) are the most prevalent pests that inflict major harm to apiaries in southwestern Saudi Arabia. There were also some other pests and predators that had insignificant effect on bees. Generally, the recorded natural enemy's incidences usually occurred in the months of September-October and December to February. (c) 2023 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).