Liberal Democratic Mayors in Illiberal Regimes: Budapest's Challenges

While Karacsony's win as Budapest's Mayor seemed a significant breakthrough in challenging Hungary's illiberal populist regime, opposition mayors in populist regimes are understudied, so the nature of the breakthrough was unclear. As illiberal populist regimes are as dense vertical networks, to expand liberal democracy, opposition mayors make governance networks more horizontal by increasing information, expanding participation, limiting the ruling party's rent-seeking and clientelism, and (re)creating social solidarity. Central governments try to counter these efforts. Karacsony's progress and challenges in Budapest illustrate this network model.