'Shah of Shahs' or 'Shah of India'? Some Observations on Territoriality and Power in the Mughal Empire (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)

Mughal statehood has been a much-debated problem in studies of pre-colonial Indian history. Discussing the character of this state as 'patrimonial-bureaucratic', 'segmentary', 'feudal', 'centralised' or 'absolutist', scholars have brought to light both valuable source materials and cogent arguments. However, their attention has been often focused primarily on economy, especially the agrarian system, administration, taxation, structure of elites and, more recently, culture. This article is an attempt to reflect on a hitherto less explored sphere, the territoriality of the Mughal state, especially studying the ruling elite's perception of an association with the lands under its control.