Large language model, AI and scientific research: why ChatGPT is only the beginning

ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence model based on the generative pre-trained transformer GPT architecture, has garnered wide-spread attention due to its user-friendly nature and diverse capabilities. This technology enables users of all backgrounds to effortlessly engage in human-like conversations and receive coherent and intelligible responses. Beyond casual interactions, ChatGPT offers compelling prospects for scientific research, facilitating tasks like literature review and content summarization, ultimately expediting and enhancing the academic writing process. Still, in the field of medicine and surgery, it has already shown its endless potential in many tasks (enhancing decision-making processes, aiding in surgical planning and simulation, providing real-time assistance during surgery, improving postoperative care and rehabilita-tion, contributing to training, education, research, and development). However, it is crucial to acknowledge the model's limitations, encompass-ing knowledge constraints and the potential for erroneous responses, as well as ethical and legal considerations. This paper explores the potential benefits and pitfalls of these innovative technologies in scientific research, shedding light on their transformative impact while addressing concerns surrounding their use.