A current injection method for converter power loss representation in electromagnetic transient simulation

The power-electronics converters are increasingly applied in modern power system, which contains various sub-systems, such as renewable energy power plants and high voltage direct current transmission systems, etc. The electromagnetic transient simulation has been one of the important tools for the study of complex system containing large numbers of power converters. The coordination control of the power converters and corresponding power generation and load units is one of the challenges ensuring stability and obtaining optimal efficiency. However, the detailed modeling of the power converters considering the conduction and switching losses can cost a great number of computation resources, which makes it difficult to simulate a large system. This work proposed a current injection method for converter power loss representation, which can accurately consider the conduction and switching losses of the power-electronics switches with low computation complexity. A look-up table (LUT) of the power loss ratio is calculated before the simulation, and a current source representing the power loss is connected in parallel with the converter to track the reference loss generated by the look-up table. The proposed method can be combined with multiple converter modeling schemes, such as the two-resistance model, the switching-function model, and the average value model, etc. The topologies of the two-level converter and the modular multi-level converter (MMC) were used in the case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared to the device-level model, the simulation power loss deviation is 0.64% and 4.13% applying the current injection method model in the case studies of the two-level converter and the MMC.