Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction towards industrial applications

Recently, research on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO(2)RR) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential to resolve environmental problems caused by CO2 while utilizing clean energy and producing high-value-added products. Considerable theoretical research in the lab has demonstrated its feasibility and prospect. However, industrialization is mandatory to realize the economic and social value of eCO(2)RR. For industrial application of eCO(2)RR, more criteria have been proposed for eCO(2)RR research, including high current density (above 200 mA cm(-2)), high product selectivity (above 90%), and long-term stability. To fulfill these criteria, the eCO(2)RR system needs to be systematically designed and optimized. In this review, recent research on eCO(2)RR for industrial applications is summarized. The review starts with focus on potential industrial catalysts in eCO(2)RR. Next, potential industrial products are proposed in eCO(2)RR. These products, including carbon monoxide, formic acid, ethylene, and ethanol, all have high market demand, and have shown high current density and product selectivity in theoretical research. Notably, the innovative components and strategy for industrializing the eCO(2)RR system are also highlighted here, including flow cells, seawater electrolytes, solid electrolytes, and a two-step method. Finally, some instructions and possible future avenues are presented for the prospects of future industrial application of eCO(2)RR.