Study on the Seismic Response of Shield Tunnel Structures with the Preload Loss of Bolts

Shield tunnels can experience preload loss in their connecting bolts during the operational phase, leading to changes in tunnel structure stiffness, which, in turn, affect the seismic performance of shield tunnels. A refined three-dimensional model of shield tunnel was established using the finite element method to study the impact of preload loss in connecting bolts on the seismic dynamic response of shield tunnels. An artificial viscoelastic boundary was used to simulate the propagation of seismic waves from an infinitely distant field. This study investigated the effects of different levels of preload loss on the seismic response of shield tunnels. In addition, the Arias intensity, which can reflect the degree of seismic impact on structures, was used to analyse the extent of damage to the tunnel. The conclusions drawn from the study are as follows: As the level of preload loss increases, the tightness of the segments during the static phase gradually deteriorates, and the maximum joint opening during the seismic loading phase continues to increase. Post-earthquake non-recoverable ellipticity and radial deformation progressively increase with an increase to preload loss level. Overall tunnel damage becomes more significant with the degree of preload loss increases depending on the Arias intensity. Preload loss leads to a decrease in the overall structural stiffness and an increase in longitudinal relative displacement. In conclusion, preload loss also affects structural failure mode and seismic performance. These research findings are of reference value for enhancing the seismic performance of shield tunnel structures and ensuring engineering safety.