Radar Echoes and Micro-Doppler Characterization From Offshore Wind Turbines: Theory, Simulations, and Measurements

It is a key issue to accurately simulate the radar echoes of offshore wind turbines, and they can solve the reradiation interference of offshore wind farms to neighboring radar stations. Aiming at the problem that the existing algorithms are extremely simple, we propose a numerical simulation algorithm for radar echoes of offshore wind turbines based on the time-domain echo electric field. We establish a 3-D scattering point equivalent model of wind turbine and introduce a forward complex reflecting coefficient model of rough sea surfaces into the time-domain echo electric field solution formula, use the short-time Fourier transform, obtain a more accurate simulation result of the radar echo of the offshore wind turbine. Taking the commonly used wind turbine model GW 154/6700 as an example, we compared the simulation results with the scaled model experiment and the traditional algorithm, and the accuracy was improved by 43.8%. We use the method of controlling a single variable and analyzing the sea state and azimuth response characteristics of the micro-Doppler frequency shift, which also provide a theoretical reference for the identification and filtering of subsequent offshore wind turbine echoes.