Preliminary PET imaging of [11C]evobrutinib in mouse models of colorectal cancer, SARS-CoV-2, and lung damage: Radiosynthesis via base-aided palladium-NiXantphos-mediated 11C-carbonylation

Evobrutinib is a second-generation, highly selective, irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that has shown efficacy in the autoimmune diseases arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Its development as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer has potential for in vivo imaging of BTK in various disease models including several cancers, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung damage. Herein, we report the automated radiosynthesis of [C-11]evobrutinib using a base-aided palladium-NiXantphos-mediated C-11-carbonylation reaction. [C-11]Evobrutinib was reliably formulated in radiochemical yields of 5.5 +/- 1.5% and a molar activity of 34.5 +/- 17.3 GBq/mu mol (n = 12) with 99% radiochemical purity. Ex vivo autoradiography studies showed high specific binding of [C-11]evobrutinib in HT-29 colorectal cancer mouse xenograft tissues (51.1 +/- 7.1%). However, in vivo PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging with [C-11]evobrutinib showed minimal visualization of HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts and only a slight increase in radioactivity accumulation in the associated time-activity curves. In preliminary PET/CT studies, [C-11]evobrutinib failed to visualize either SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection or LPS-induced injury in mouse models. In conclusion, [C-11]evobrutinib was successfully synthesized by C-11-carbonylation and based on our preliminary studies does not appear to be a promising BTK-targeted PET radiotracer in the rodent disease models studied herein.