Talking about the Philosophy of Caring from the Perspective of the Body

For medical practitioners, physical pain is only an incidental appearance of disease and cannot be a complete object of knowledge because bodily sensations are regarded as personal subjective experiences and cannot be justified exactly according to norms. Therefore, in ethical thinking, "suffering and happiness" must also give way to "good and evil" and rational reasoning that relies on personality and obligations. But Schmitz believes that body ethics and normative ethics are distinct. The former is based on the "authority of feeling", and the latter is based on "the binding force of moral norms". Considering the body ethics of "authority of feeling", Schmitz replaced the concept of "freedom of will" with "freedom of conscience". "Freedom of conscience" is purely subjective freedom triggered by oneself. The ethics of the body is mainly concerned with people afflicted by bodily pain, but also with the "ethical mass" that is more primitive than "sympathy" and which mixes "expressions" and "faces", "reality" and "virtuality".