In vitro antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity and in silico docking studies of 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone and stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol isolated from aerial parts of Euphorbia milii. Des moul

This research focused on evaluating the in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic activities and Insilco docking properties of two phytocompounds 3,3 ',4 ',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone (Quercetin) and Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol (Stigma sterol). These compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of stem and ethanol extract of flower of the E. milii plant. The antioxidant properties of these phytocompounds were studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. A comparison was made between the antioxidant activity of quercetin, stigma sterol, and the standard drug ascorbic acid. The results indicated that quercetin showed significant antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential as an effective antioxidant. Additionally, in vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated through alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assays. Screened compounds exhibited significant % of inhibition values against two carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase compared to reference drug (acarbose). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to analyse the interaction of the compounds with alpha-d-glucose (PDB ID: 3A4A) and PTP1B I (PDB ID: 1T49) as target molecules. These docking studies provided further insights to support the biological findings of the compounds isolated from E. milii aerial parts. [Graphical Abstract]