Effects of Temperature on Plasma Protein Binding Ratios (PPBRs) of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Enrofloxacin (EF) is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic in aquaculture against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Ciprofloxacin (CF) has similar antibacterial activities to EF and has been developed as an aquatic medicine. It is well known that only the free concentration of a drug is effective for killing challenging pathogens. Hence, the plasma protein binding ratio (PPBR) of drugs is an important parameter in clinical medicine. Although PPBRs of EF and CF have been reported in several livestock animals, little information is available on aquatic animals. Moreover, environmental temperatures may influence the PPBR of drugs used for aquatic animals. Therefore, this study investigates PPBRs of EF and CF in the plasma of several finfish species such as yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at different concentrations with different temperatures. The present study facilitates the design of therapeutic regimens of EF for different aquatic animals at different concentrations. The objective of this study was to investigate the PPBRs of EF and CF in the plasma of yellow catfish, grass carp, and largemouth bass at different temperatures with different concentrations. A fast and simple ultrafiltration method was used to determine the PPBRs of EF and CF. Results showed that PPBRs of EF decreased from 37.71% to 9.66%, from 46.10% to 13.52%, and from 43.90% to 4.36% in the plasma of yellow catfish with the increase of concentration from 15 to 25 degrees C. The same trends of PPBRs of EF were presented in the plasma of grass carp and largemouth bass. In comparison to the data at the same concentration of EF at disparate temperatures, the PPBRs of EF at a concentration of 1 mu g/mL increased from 37.71% to 46.10% and then decreased to 43.90% in the plasma of yellow catfish with elevated temperature from 15 to 25 degrees C. There is no obvious regularity with the rise of temperature, and the same phenomenon also were found in other concentrations and species. Meanwhile, the PPBRs of CF also decreased in the three species with the rise in concentration. Under the consistent concentration, the temperature-dependent regularities were not found in the PPBRs of CF. Overall, the increased concentration reduced the PPBRs of EF and CF in the plasma of three fish species, and the alteration in temperature only has a certain effect on the PPBRs of EF and CF.