Cooperative energy scheduling of interconnected microgrid system considering renewable energy resources and electric vehicles

Microgrids are known as a local energy system that changes the central power plants toward distributed and renewable energy resources. The microgrids provide low-cost, more efficient, and clean energy for the energy systems. Therefore, this paper presents a techno-sustainable-economic framework for the operation scheduling of multi-microgrid systems that are integrated with renewable energy sources, dispatchable resources, and energy storage systems. The proposed model presents a multi-objective optimization model that attempts to simultaneously minimize the total cost, power losses, and carbon emissions by cooperation of each microgrid with other neighboring energy systems. In the cooperative framework, the microgrids form a big coalition to reduce the operation costs by their local energy system and energy trading with neighbor microgrids. Also, microgrids try to minimize the power losses by local energy trading. The Genetic algorithm is used to model the multi-objective cooperative scheduling of microgrids and presents a fair cost allocation to consider the impact of each microgrid in the coalition. The proposed model is tested on the IEEE 33-bus test system and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model reduces the power losses and carbon emissions by 68.67 % and 19.65 % compared to the decentralized framework because of local energy sharing between microgrids.