Seasonal variation in chemical composition and contaminants in European plaice (Pleuronectes Platessa) originated from the west-coast of Norway

The seasonal effect on chemical composition and contaminants in European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) captured in Norwegian waters was investigated in three seasons (September, December, April). Fillets were compared by analysing proximate composition, lipid and protein profile, including fatty acids, lipid class dis-tribution, free and total amino acids. Trace elements and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were determined to assess the potential health risk of consumption. Results on proximate composition reveal differences in water, ash, lipid, and protein content between the seasons. Beneficial levels of n3 fatty acids, including a sufficient n3/ n6 ratio (6.1-8.7), were observed. Phospholipids and cholesterol were negatively correlated with total lipid content, adding to high triacylglycerol concentrations observed in December samples. No elevated levels for toxic trace elements, yet detrimental concentrations of dioxin-like PCB-118 were found. Results show that European plaice is highly nutritious with desirable amino and fatty acid profile throughout the year, and with few potential risks.