Perceived usability of collaborative modeling tools

Context: Online collaborative creation of models is becoming commonplace. Collaborative modeling using chatbots and natural language may lower the barriers to modeling for users from different domains. Objective: We compare the perceived usability of two similarly online collaborative modeling tools, the SOCIO chatbot and the Creately web-based tool. Method: We conducted a crossover experiment with 66 participants. The evaluation instrument was based on the System Usability Scale (SUS). We performed a quantitative and qualitative exploration, employing inferential statistics and thematic analysis. Results: The results indicate that chatbots enabling natural language communication enhance com-munication and collaboration efficiency and improve the user experience. Conclusion: Chatbots need to improve guidance and help for novices, but they appear beneficial for enhancing user experience.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.