Rationale and design for the Blood Pressure Control Target in Diabetes (BPROAD) study

BackgroundDiabetes and hypertension are major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Previous clinical trials have demonstrated that intensive blood pressure reduction lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality compared to standard blood pressure reduction among patients without diabetes. However, optimal levels of blood pressure control in patients with diabetes remain uncertain. MethodsThe Blood Pressure Control Target in Diabetes (BPROAD) study is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted in mainland China. We plan to enroll 12 702 participants aged & GE;50 years with type 2 diabetes, an increased cardiovascular risk, and systolic blood pressure & GE;130 mm Hg from 150 study centers. Participants are randomly assigned to intensive (a systolic target of <120 mm Hg) or standard (a systolic target of <140 mm Hg) blood pressure treatment group. Participants will be followed monthly for blood pressure management in the first 3 months and then every 3 months afterward. The primary study outcome is a composite of major cardiovascular events including nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, treated or hospitalized heart failure, and cardiovascular death. Data will be collected every 3 months for up to 5 years and a blinded outcome committee will adjudicate all clinical outcomes. The BPROAD study is designed to have 90% statistical power to detect a 20% reduction in the primary study outcome at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. ConclusionsThe BPROAD study will provide important evidence as to whether intensive blood pressure management has additional benefits on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.