The effect of stress hyperglycemia seen in acute ST-segment elevation in myocardial infarction on in-hospital mortality

Introduction The brief rise in blood glucose level during acute physiological stress in patients with no previous symptoms of diabetes mellitus is called stress hyperglycemia. Methods This study is conducted with 1033 patients over the age of 18 who are diagnosed with STEMI and who did not meet the exclusion criteria for 1 year. Patients were divided into 2 groups as DM and non-DM and their blood glucose levels, demographic data (age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, DM, HT presence/absence, history of smoking), vital signs, fatal arrhythmia requiring intervention (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation), cardiac insufficiency development according to Killip score, length of hospital stay, mortality and cardiogenic shock conditions were evaluated. Statistical analysis was made using SPSS 23.0 for Windows (R) (IBM Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Results were considered significant at p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results In non-DM group, BG has been found to be significantly higher in mortal cases compared to surviving cases (289.25 +/- 106.35 mg/dL for mortal cases; whereas 156.99 +/- 58.60 mg/dL for surviving cases; p < 0.001). Likewise, in DM group BG has been found to be higher in mortal cases compared to surviving cases. (328.38 +/- 77.13 mg/dL for mortal cases while 237.16 +/- 95.00 mg/dL for surviving cases; p < 0.001). Conclusions For patients who are admitted to the hospital with STEMI, stress hyperglycemia in the non-DM group and hyperglycemia in the DM group are associated with both mortality and adverse conditions; thereby, glucose levels of those patients must be evaluated.