Media, Information and Digital Literacy: Assessment Instrument Analysis

Media, Information, and Digital Literacy (MIDL) is the set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that enable citizens to interact critically and reflectively with media and in- formation in the digital age. This article presents a scoping review analyzing 34 studies -published between 2019 and 2023- that used quantitative tools to assess MIDL in students and teachers in formal education. The results reveal that the most studied population is university students, with the predominance of Spanish and Mexican students. The main constructs were aligned to three frameworks: The Common Digital Competence Frame- work for Teachers, the ALFAMED questionnaire, and the IL-HUMASS questionnaire. These instruments demonstrated strong psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity. Likert-type attitude scales were the most widely used in descriptive studies; these are valuable in identifying strengths and weaknesses but are not always sufficient to provide a complete diagnosis. For this reason, other tools that allow us to assess actual performance and link the results with concrete pedagogical implications are needed. Finally, the article recommends diagnosing these competencies in primary, secondary, and high school teachers since they are crucial to the academic and personal growth of students.