Survey on Energy Efficiency Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to its utility in a range of disciplines, the wireless sensor network (WSN) has gained significant attention in the present trend, including ocean monitoring systems, wide life, industrial plants, earthquake warning units, combat units, and so on. A WSN's expense and structural complexity are all quite relatively less. In a WSN, a sensor node (SN) receives the information from the aerosphere or surroundings. Since a SN has a very low-power battery (LPB), it stops working if a battery power is depleted. Due to the widespread network topology, it is impossible to recharge the battery once it has been depleted. An SN that is not functional can cause the routing protocol to fail. A routing protocol, in most cases, allows an efficient routing path between SNs. Data security via the WSN is always a major concern that must be handled. Almost all of the researchers have discussed their ideas for a WSN routing system that is both energy efficient and secure. Such energy-efficient strategies, secure routing techniques, routing protocol classifications, and WSN attacks are all discussed in this survey article. The research gap is explored in relation to recent work on energy efficient and secure routing technologies.