Metaheuristic algorithm for energy efficient clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks

The utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which combine sensing, communication, and computation in an intelligent environment. The use of energy becomes the primary obstacle for sensor nodes to overcome. Clustering and routing algorithms are promising ways to fix the issue and prolong the network's effectiveness. The availability of restricted energy resources is the most significant challenge in WSNs. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient clustering scheme integrated with a particle swarm optimization method called PSO-EECS for wireless sensor networks to raise energy efficiency while simultaneously increasing the lifetime of sensor nodes. The predominant concern being addressed in this paper is the selection of a Cluster Head (CH), which helps gather, aggregate and forward the data from the cluster-based routing paradigm. PSO-EECS algo-rithm is used to optimize the fitness parameters for CH selection, which include the energy ratio, distance considerations, node density, load balancing, and the Network's average energy, among other things. The simulation results reveal that the proposed technique offers a considerable improvement in network stability and operation time compared to the currently used approaches. Compared to the PSOGSA, GAPSO-H, and ABE-DE protocol, simulation findings demonstrate that PSO-EECS enhances stability by 95.4%, 34.8%, and 29.2%, respectively.