Comparative evaluation of smear layer removal with Ultra-X device and XP-Endo Finisher file system: an ex-vivo study

Aim: Chemo-mechanical debridement plays a crucial role in root canal treatment. Irrigant activation is the final step before obturation and it helps in effectively cleansing and disinfecting the complex root canal system. The current study aimed at comparing the smear layer removal after activation with Ultra-X and XP-Endo finisher ( XPEF). Methodology: Sixty extracted single-rooted second premolars were collected. The specimens were decoronated until 13mm standard length and were shaped using Protaper gold rotary files to size 40 under standard irrigation protocol. Following this, based on the final activation, the specimens were randomly allocated to: group 1: Conventional Needle Irrigation (CNI) (n=20); (Control group), group 2: Activation using Ultra X Ultrasonic device (PUI) (n=20); group 3: Activation using XPEF (n=20). Finally, the specimens were examined for smear and debris removal using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Tested groups showed significant differences (p<0.05) in debris and smear layer removal when compared to control. However, no difference (p>0.05) was elicited between groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: Both Ultra-X and XPEF devices showed comparable debris and smear layer removal.