A new nursery approach enhances at-sea performance in the kelp Lessonia corrugata

We found that an innovative nursery approach, where Lessonia corrugata seeded spools were cultivated by spinning to increase the water motion relative to non-spinning spools, had higher growth in both the nursery and at-sea stages. Using this method, we compared the at-sea growth of sporophytes cultivated on spinning spools at different depths (1 m, 3 m, 5 m) and seasons (timing of out-planting). Finally, we compared the at-sea growth of sporophytes cultivated on spinning spools vs. non-spinning sporophytes at 3-m depth. In the nursery, sporophytes on spinning spools developed significantly faster than those on non-spinning spools: blade length was 4.6 and 2.5 cm, and holdfast area was 0.10 and 0.03 cm(2) for spinning and non-spinning spools, respectively. At-sea L. corrugata in spring had significantly greater biomass production at 3 m and 5 m (3.0 kg m(-1) and 2.4 kg m(-1), respectively) and up to 96% survival. In summer, 100% of deployed kelps died at all depths. Growth was faster at 5 m (0.3 +/- 0.06 kg m(-1)) in autumn and at 3 and 5 m (1.1 +/- 0.1 kg m(-1) and 0.8 +/- 0.1 kg m(-1), respectively) in winter. At sea, sporophytes from the spinning spools grew significantly 60% larger, and survival was similar to 3 times greater over 3 months than sporophytes from non-spinning. Overall, this study shows that spinning seeded spools in the nursery improves the growth at sea, spring is the best season for out-planting L. corrugata, and 3 or 5 m depth is best for production.