Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players: Comparison Based on Horizontal Force-Velocity Profile

Background: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the mechanical parameters of the horizontal force-velocity profile (Hzt FV profile) and performance over two different change of direction (COD) protocols (505test and modified 505test [M505test]) to assess the influence of mechanical parameters of Hzt FV profile on COD deficit (CODD) in soccer players among different categories. Methods: Seventy-seven soccer players, divided into playing levels, participated in the following assessments: Hzt FV profile, 505test and M505test. Spearman correlation coefficient (r(s) [p < 0.05]) and a linear regression model were used to determine the relationship between COD performance and mechanical parameters of sprint (maximum power output [Pmax], maximum horizontal force production [F-0] and maximum velocity application [V-0]). Results: Results suggest that: (1) V0 is highly correlated with 505test [Professional (r(s) = -0.682, p < 0.01); Amateurs (r(s) = -0.721, p < 0.01); U18DH (r(s) = -0.736, p < 0.01); U18LN (r(s) = -0.569, p < 0.01)]; (2) F(0 )is strongly correlated to M505test F-0-M505test [Professional (r(s) = -0.468, p < 0.05); Amateurs (r(s) = -0.690, p < 0.01); U18DH (r(s) = -0.642, p < 0.01); U18LN (r(s) = -0.658, p < 0.01)]; and (3) significant differences were observed in Professionals vs. U18LN comparison [505test (U = -37.7, p = 0.000); M505test (U = -26.9, p = 0.000)]. Conclusions: A significant relationship exists between strength levels and COD performance depending on task demands. Horizontal force (F-0) is crucial in statics COD, while high-speed force production (V-0) is decisive in dynamics COD. Finally, higher-level players demonstrate greater efficiency in COD.