Multipath Load Balancing in MANET via Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm

The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a vital network that is vulnerable to energy and security restrictions. Because of node mobility, building a routing protocol to offers an effective and acceptable means of routing data with minimum packet loss, less energy consumption, and extending network lifetime has become a difficult challenge in MANETs. Most of the current MANET routing protocols lack the strategy of precise load-balancing. A recent survey on load distribution in MANET shows shortest-path MANET routing protocols using centrally located nodes in many routes. Since few nodes have to carry excessive loads, congestion increases, leading to undesirable effects such as long delays, lower packet delivery, and higher routing overhead, which shows the need for proper balancing models. In this work, multipath load balancing with the proposed NUSOA is used in MANETs to reduce energy usage and packet loss. Here, the data packets are distributed through gateway nodes, which are selected by the various features such as path cost, link cost, residual energy, and distance. Proposed hybrid optimisation termed as Namib Updated Shepherd Optimisation Algorithm (NUSOA) which is the mixture of both Namib Beetle Optimisation (NBO) and Shuffled Shepherd Optimisation Algorithm (SSOA) to choose optimal gateway nodes. Moreover, the optimal path is chosen based on load balancing with the constraints of congestion detection and node availability of the path using the proposed hybrid optimisation.