Size-dependent financial frictions, capital misallocation, and aggregate productivity

This paper quantitatively examines the macroeconomic effects of size-dependent financial frictions on capital misallocation and aggregate total factor productivity. Based on panel data from China's manufacturing sector, I find that among non-state-owned enterprises, (i) the dispersion of the marginal product of capital is large and persistent and (ii) large firms tend to have higher leverage, and lower mean and dispersion of the marginal product of capital than their small counterparts. This paper analyzes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and size-dependent financial frictions. By calibrating the model to a Chinese firm-level dataset, I show that in addition to matching the aforementioned stylized facts, the economy with a size-dependent borrowing constraint is able to reproduce the observed negative correlation between firm size and the marginal product of capital, as well as generate quantitatively modest TFP loss. Furthermore, ignoring firms' size-dependent financing patterns may lead to an overstatement of TFP loss due to financial frictions.