The impact of COVID-19 on the psychosocial well-being of older adults: A literature review

Introduction The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in 2020 with the greatest risk to older adults. Prolonged restrictions and isolation threaten the social and emotional welfare of vulnerable groups with concerns focused on the long-term impact of this pandemic on the health and well-being of aging populations. Purpose Using the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (STT) as a conceptual framework, the purpose of this literature review was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological and social well-being of older adults. Methods Numerous academic and healthcare-related databases were searched to yield 24 relevant primary research articles, published during the pandemic (2020-2022), for analysis. Results/Conclusions Overall results indicated the pandemic had a significant negative affect on the psychological and social well-being of older adults to include those with cognitive impairments and dementia despite perceptions of reduced awareness. There were significant differences between age groups with older adults reporting greater emotional stability and coping skills than younger cohorts. Although supportive services and the use of technology-enhanced well-being these resources were reduced during the pandemic due to lack of trained staff, funding, and other socioeconomic or political barriers. The SST proposes that feelings of satisfaction, a sense of belonging, and purpose are important for emotional well-being but the pandemic challenged these goals and, for many, resulted in stress, anxiety, and depression. Clinical Relevance Healthcare providers and policymakers need to be aware of the negative consequences triggered by the prolonged pandemic and take measures to provide services that support the psychosocial well-being of older adults.