Neural correlates of pronoun processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

Pronouns are unique linguistic devices that allow for the expression of referential relationships. Despite their communicative utility, the neural correlates of the operations involved in reference assignment and/or resolu-tion, are not well-understood. The present study synthesized the neuroimaging literature on pronoun processing to test extant theories of pronoun comprehension. Following the PRISMA guidelines and the best-practice rec-ommendations for neuroimaging meta-analyses, a systematic literature search and record assessment were per-formed. As a result, 16 fMRI studies were included in the meta-analysis, and were coded in Scribe 3.6 for inclusion in the BrainMap database. The activation coordinates for the contrasts of interest were transformed into Talairach space and submitted to an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis in GingerALE 3.0.1. The results indicated that pronoun processing had functional convergence in the left posterior middle and su-perior temporal gyri, potentially reflecting the retrieval, prediction and integration roles of these areas for pronoun processing.