Presentations of Children with Suspected Sepsis Caused by Acute Infectious Diarrhea in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Background: Acute infectious diarrhea is a common cause of hospitalization in children. Hence, early identification of acute bacterial gastroenteritis with suspected sepsis in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) is important. This study aimed to describe the clinical spectrum and initial characteristics of children who were presented to a pediatric ED with acute infectious diarrhea and suspected sepsis. Methods: Between April 2020 to March 2021, children with clinical diagnoses of acute bacterial colitis and suspected sepsis who were admitted to the pediatric ED were prospectively enrolled. The following data were obtained and compared between different age groups of children: including demographics, presentation, laboratory tests, culture results, treatment modalities, complications, and short-term outcomes. Results: A total of 105 patients (70 males and 35 females; mean age: 3.75 +/- 3.52 years) were enrolled in this study. Of them, 89 (84.8%) patients were <6 years of age, and 80 (76.2%) patients required hospitalization for a duration of 4.7 +/- 2.08 days. C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were significantly higher in the admission (both p < 0.001) and anti-biotic treatment groups (both p < 0.001). Salmonella enteritidis was the most common organism cultured from the stool and blood samples (39 of 91 (38.5%) and 2 of 105 (1.9%), respectively). Conclusions: The primary causative organism of acute infectious diarrhea identified in this study was S. enteritidis. Age and elevated serum CRP or PCT levels could be important factors in the decisions of emergency physicians regarding hospitalization and antibiotic therapies for pediatric acute infectious diarrhea.