Phytolith particulate matter and its potential human and environmental effects

Particulate matter from both natural and anthropogenic sources is known to affect air quality and human health. However, the abundance and varied composition of the suspended particulate matter make it difficult to locate the precise precursors for some of these atmospheric pollutants. Plants deposit appreciable quantities of microscopic biogenic silica in and/or between their cells, known as phytoliths, which get released into the soil surface after the death and decomposition of plants. Dust storms from exposed terrains, forest fires, and stubble burning disperse these phytoliths into the atmosphere. Their durability, chemical composition, and diverse morphology prompt us to view phytoliths as a possible particulate matter that could impact air quality, climate, and human health. Estimating the phytolith particulate matter, its toxicity, and environmental impacts will help take effective and targeted policies for improving air quality and decreasing health risks.