Electrolyte engineering for highly inorganic solid electrolyte interphase in high-performance lithium metal batteries

Electrolytes play pivotal roles in the stabilization of Li metal surface and operation at high voltages. In particular, localized high -concen-tration electrolytes have outperformed state-of-the-art electrolytes due to their unique solvation structures. However, a direct correla-tion between solvation structure in LHCEs, in particular for weakly coordinated diluents, and SEI composition is not well understood, yet it is highly critical to realize high Coulombic efficiency (CE) beyond 99.5%. Here, a class of electrolyte based on bis(2,2,2-tri-fluoroethoxy)methane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane was introduced to regulate anion decomposition to achieve ultra-high Li2O content of 63% in the SEI along with a highly uniform phase distribution. These unique features enabled a record-high CE of 99.72% and proved the impact of homogeneously distributed high Li2O SEI. The related Li|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell with a negative/positive capacity ratio of 2.5 achieved 90% capacity retention after 200 cy-cles at 1 C and 80% retention after 596 cycles at 3 C.