Asymmetric responses of functional microbes in methane and nitrous oxide emissions to plant invasion: A meta-analysis

Plant invasion increases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, however, the changes of soil functional microbes governing CH4 and N2O emissions are poorly understood. We conducted a meta-analysis based on 112 published papers to explore soil functional microbes driving CH4 and N2O emissions under plant invasion. The result showed that CH4 and N2O emission rates were increased by 94.6% and 27.3% under plant invasion, respectively, and the increments of CH4 and N2O emission were ascended with time since invasion. The copies of soil functional microbes in the production of CH4 (mcrA) and N2O (nirS and nirK) were increased by 105.7%, 24.4%, and 55.1% under plant invasion, respectively, whereas the copies of soil functional microbes in the consumption of CH4 (pmoA) and N2O (nosZ) were decreased by 50.4% and 24.5%, respectively. Plant invasion influenced soil functional microbes via increasing above-ground biomass, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon. This study highlighted the vital roles of soil functional microbes in CH4 and N2O emission rates under plant invasion. This study also revealed that the increased CH4 and N2O emission rates under plant invasion were time-dependent, which challenged the constant estimation of ecosystem warming potential under plant invasion in the long term.