Extraction and characterization of lignocellulosic agricultural biomass pretreatment method for biofuel

Renewable resources have immense potential, as a cost-effective and sustainable energy alternative. Lignin is the most abundant organic material after cellulose and aromatic biopolymer. A total of four distinct raw materials, including lignocellulosic biomass from almond shells, walnut biomass shells, barks of babul tree, and bark of neem tree, were utilized to extract lignin. Following their pretreatment, proximate, ultimate analyses, EDS, and SEM techniques were used to describe the biomass and extracted lignin. Substrates like walnut shell, and babul tree bark were projected to have the highest concentration of lignin recovery when compared to other biomasses, while neem tree bark and almond shell had the lowest carbon content compared to neem tree bark. By laboratory experiment, we observed that walnut shell yield is 13 %, which is compared with BTB extracted lignin yield 11 % obtained. This report discusses the general biofuel usage scenario in Pakistan.The financial benefits of switching from accustomed fuels to biofuels. Thus, yield extraction with this technique can benefit society financially and reduce the need to dispose of biomass in the future.