Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash: From Waste to Cement Manufacturing Resource

This study investigates the possibility of using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material to replace part of the clinker in cement. Life cycle assessment has shown that the partial replacement of clinker with blast furnace slag (CEM III) reduces cement's global warming potential by similar to 30%, while replacing clinker with fly ash reduces it by up to 55%. When using CEM III as the control binder in cement in which 55 wt% of the clinker was replaced with hydrothermally treated fly ash, the flexural strength decreased by similar to 60% and the compressive strength by similar to 65%. When the fly ash was mixed with calcined and vitrified demolition materials, flexural strength decreased by similar to 30% and compressive strength by similar to 50%. The hardening of the hydraulic binders fixed the heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash.