Overview of endocrine hypertension in children

Background: Among the secondary causes of pediatric hypertension, endocrine causes account for a relatively small proportion of all children with hypertension. An accurate diagnosis of endocrine hypertension offers cli-nicians the chance to achieve an optimal treatment with either specific pharmacologic treatment or surgery. Excess catecholamine, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and obesity-associated hypertension are the major endocrine disorders leading to pediatric hypertension.Aim of review: Currently, there are few updated scientific review publications on "Endocrine hypertension in children" in the literature. The authors systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EBSCO, AMED, EBM Reviews ERIC, Cochrane, and Science Direct, and the potentially relevant articles were identified and retrieved from electronic and print journals. The aim of this review article is to highlight the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of causes of hypertension resulting from hormonal imbalance in children.Key scientific concepts of review: Endocrine hypertension in children accounts for a small proportion of all children with hypertension. An accurate diagnosis of endocrine hypertension offers clinicians the chance to achieve an optimal treatment with either specific pharmacologic therapy or surgery.