Long-term Results After Autologous Fat Transfer for Treatment of Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds

Autologous fat transfer may offer a simple and effective treatment option for chronic wound patients, delivering adipose-derived stem cells, with potent regenerative attributes. Nevertheless, the clinical benefit has not yet been sufficiently demonstrated. A total of 39 wound patients were treated with autologous fat transfer (AFT) and matched with a control group, according to the identified confounding variables "gender" and "method of defect closure." All data were acquired retrospectively. Primary outcome was "wound closure" and "reduction of wound size." After a follow-up of 48 weeks, there was no significant difference in primary outcome (wound closure P = .54) between both groups. The relative wound reduction after fat transfer was 69.9% +/- 42.7% compared to 53.4% +/- 106.8% in the control group (P = .91). Subgroup analysis of all patients, healed by secondary intention, revealed an increased wound size reduction (P = .03) and wound closure rate (P = .20) in the case group after 12 weeks. No adverse events were recorded. Fat grafting can reduce the wound size if left to secondary healing and may be considered individually for reconstructive purposes. A repeated application of autologous fat might be beneficial due to a temporary effect.