Antioxidant, antimicrobial, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of methanolic leaf extract of Breynia vitis-idaea using in vitro and in silico techniques

Breynia vitis-idaea (Phyllanthaceae) is used in the Chinese traditional medicinal system, to treat chronic lung disease and wound healing. This study was aimed to identify the chemical constituents of B. vitis-idaea having biological properties by in-vitro and in-silico methods. Breynia vitis-idaea leaf extract was screened for the presence of phenol, flavonoid contents, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. Molecular docking of secondary metabolites with target proteins and ADMET analysis was done. Preliminary phytochemical screening of B. vitis-idaea contains a variety of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannin, saponin, terpenoids, phenol, protein, steroids and glycosides. The antibacterial activity of methanol leaf extract of B. vitis-idaea evaluated against Escherichia coli (17 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16 mm), Bacillus subtilis (22 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm) showed high activity. Antioxidant activities were assessed by ABTS and FRAP assays and their IC50 values were 41.06 mu g/mL and 46.40 mu L/mL, respectively. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity showed IC50 values of 20.42 mu g/mL and 14.60 mu g/mL, respectively. Molecular docking study showed strong binding activity of gamma-sitosterol to alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, followed by guanosine and arbutin. ADMET analysis shows that gamma-sitosterol, guanosine, and arbutin are good drug candidates. This work demonstrates the anti-diabetic potential of B. vitis-idaea.