Episodic Magma Hammers for the 15 January 2022 Cataclysmic Eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai

被引:4
|
作者
Zheng, Yingcai [1 ]
Hu, Hao [1 ]
Spera, Frank J. [2 ]
Scruggs, Melissa [2 ]
Thompson, Glenn [3 ]
Jin, Yuesu [1 ]
Lapen, Tom [1 ]
McNutt, Stephen R. [3 ]
Mandli, Kyle [4 ]
Peng, Zhigang [5 ]
Yuen, Dave A. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA
[2] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA
[3] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL USA
[4] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA
[5] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA USA
关键词
MOUNT ST-HELENS; FLOW; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; WAVES; PROPAGATION; MECHANISM; MIXTURES; MODELS;
D O I
10.1029/2023GL102763
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Understanding the forces and magma system dynamics on timescales of seconds to minutes remains challenging. In the January 2022 phreatoplinian Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption, four remarkably similar seismic subevents within a 5-min interval occurred during the intensifying early eruptive phase. The subevents are similar in waveforms and durations (similar to 25 s each). Each subevent begins with an unusual negative P-wave polarity which is inferred, using full-wave seismic modeling, to be caused by an upward single-force mechanism at the volcano created by a magma hammer likely in response to magma flow blockage/constriction during the early part of the eruption as discharge rapidly increased over orders of magnitude with concomitant conduit geometry evolution and instability. Our proposed episodic magma hammer model is consistent with thermodynamic and phase properties of the magmatic mixture, and yields an estimate of conduit mass flow in agreement with vent discharge rates derived from satellite imagery of plume heights.
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页数:13
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