Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia is recognized as a major public health concern because of its association with several adverse health events. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation reportedly delays the loss of muscle mass and function; however, the effect of HMB on sarcopenia remains inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the impact of HMB intervention on muscle strength, physical performance, body compositions, and inflammatory factors in older adults with sarcopenia. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study included subjects aged >= 60 years with sarcopenia which were assigned to the HMB group (HMBG, n=18) and the placebo group (PG, n=16). INTERVENTION: The HMBG and PG were supplied with HMB and placebo products twice daily for 12 weeks, and both received resistance exercise training twice a week in 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Hand grip strength was selected as the primary outcome; gait speed, five-time chair stand test, body composition and inflammatory indicators were selected as the secondary outcomes. The differences in changes from baseline between the two groups were analyzed using the analysis of covariance(ANCOVA). RESULTS: After the 12- week intervention, the HMBG demonstrated significantly greater improvements in handgrip strength (4.61(95% CI:2.93,6.28) kg, P<0.001), gait speed (0.11( 95% CI:0.02,0.20) m/s, P=0.014), five-time chair stand test (-3.65 (95% CI:-5.72, -1.58) s, P= 0.001), muscle quality (2.47(95%CI: 1.15,3.80),kg.kg(-1) P=0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (-15.23(95%CI:-29.80,-0.66)pmol/mL, P=0.041) compared with the PG; no significant differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and other body composition parameters were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In older adults with sarcopenia, HMB significantly enhance the effect of resistance exercise training on muscle strength, physical performance, muscle quality, and reduced inflammatory factors. Therefore, HMB supplementation could be an effective treatment for sarcorpenia. The trial protocol was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=47571asChiCTR2000028778.