Early Precambrian mafic dykes in western Shandong province, North China Craton: constraints on the chronology, genetic model and tectonic significance

In the Late Neoarchaean, the lithosphere of the North China Craton (NCC) experienced a strong extensional event, which is of great significance for understanding the evolution of the continental crust in the Precambrian. In this study, a suite of mafic dykes from Shandong province in the northeastern NCC were investigated to determine the nature, timing and source of rift-related magma activities using zircon U-Pb data, whole-rock geochemistry and Nd-Hf isotopes. Zircon U-Pb dating of four dolerites by laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) yielded weighted mean Pb-207/Pb-206 ages in the range 2509 +/- 6.1 to 2537 +/- 6.2 Ma (2 sigma, 95 % confidence interval). The mafic dykes are classified as alkaline rocks based on their K2O + Na2O contents (6.78-7.21 wt %) and belong to the shoshonitic series according to their K2O contents (3.23-3.36 wt %). The dolerites show low concentrations of light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)(N) between 7.17 and 8.55), positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* between 1.12 and 1.27), positive Ba, K, Pb, Sr, Eu, Dy and Lu anomalies, and depleted U, Nb, Pr, Ta, P, Nd and Ti anomalies. The dykes are characterized by low initial (Sr-87/Sr-86)(i) (similar to 0.6969), positive epsilon(Nd)(t) values (0.2-0.8) and epsilon(Hf)(t) values (0.5-8.6) and relatively old mean Nd and Hf model age (2.73 Ga). Collectively, the data suggest that the mafic dykes were derived from the partial melting (10-20 %) of an isotope-depleted garnet-lherzolite mantle source that was hybridized through interaction with subducted lower crustal material. The parental magmas of these dykes underwent a certain number of crustal contaminations during magma ascent. The mafic magmatism represented in the form of the dyke swarms is considered to be a response to widespread lithospheric extension which affected the NCC at c. 2.5 Ga during the Neoarchaean.