GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of herbal extracts and acylated flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L.

This study was to compare GABase [a mixture of ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase] and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 20 herbal extracts and investigate the isolation, structural elucidation and those inhibitory activities of three acylated flavonol monoglycosides from the selected extract of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel). On the basis of the NMR spectroscopic data and the ESI MS spectra together with the comparison with the literature values, three compounds were identified as kaempferol-3-O-(4?-E-p-coumaroyl)-a-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3?,4?-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-a-l-rhamnopyranoside (2) and kaempferol-3-O-(2?,4?-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-a-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), respectively. The IC50 values of GABase inhibitory activity of 1-3 and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) as control were 0.24 mM, 0.14 mM, 0.12 mM and 0.43 mM, respectively. Additionally, the IC50 values of glutaminase inhibitory activity of 1-3 and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as control were 0.34 mM, 0.13 mM, 0.14 mM and 0.33 mM, respectively. The results suggest that the extract from laurel shows the strongest biological activities among 20 herbal extracts and three acylated flavonol monoglycosides may serve as potential lead compounds for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases by targeting GABase and glutaminase. This is the first report on GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 1-3.