Single-atom palladium anchored N-doped carbon enhanced electrochemical detection of furazolidone

Herein, Single-atom palladium (Pd) anchoring in N-doped carbon (Pd1/N-C) was prepared by freeze-drying assisted pyrolysis method for the electrochemical detection of furazolidone (FZD). The series of characteriza-tions revealed that the synergistic effect originating from the coalescent of atomically dispersed Pd sites and N-doped porous carbon boost charge transfer kinetics as well as the production of more active sites, promoting FZD effectively detection. The Pd1/N-C modified by glassy carbon electrode (Pd1/N-C/GCE) obviously enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward FZD redox, whose reduction peak currents were 2.19 and 2.90 times higher than those of Pd NPs/N-C and the pristine N-C modified GCEs, respectively. The modified electrode Pd1/N-C/GCE showed two linear dynamic ranges of 0.01-50 mu M and 50-300 mu M with a detection limit of 3.3 nM for the voltammetric determination of FZD, respectively. Furthermore, the Pd1/N-C/GCE was applied successfully for FZD determination in actual samples including tap and lake water. The proposed Pd1/N-C materials can be considered an effective and promising application for the real-time analysis of antibiotic in the future.