History of Peripheral Tibial Nerve Stimulation in Urology

As of 2011, an estimated 29.8 million adults in the United States were living with overactive intrusion in patients' lives, this condition is associated with higher rates of falls and fractures, urinary tract and skin infections, sleep disturbances, and depresa multi-tiered algorithm, beginning with behavioral modifications, followed by pharmacological treatments (anti-muscarinic and b3-adrenoceptor agonists), and finally by third-line therapies including chemical therapy involves repeated electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve via a small needle inserted cephalad to the medial malleolus. The objective of this study is to examine the evolution of PTNS from acupuncture techniques, evaluate the current literature on patient outcomes for OAB, and discuss recent innovations in the delivery of this technique.