2023: paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest contrasting location and outcomes

Paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest is termed a High Acuity Low Occurrence event (HALO), being relatively rare but significant. In this article we look at causes and outcomes of paediatric cardiac arrest contrasting out-of-hospital and in-hospital arrests. We discuss key issues of physiological flow states as well as the current status of specific monitoring modalities during arrest. We look at current recommendations to optimize outcomes both during resuscitation and in the postarrest care period. In particular, we discuss emergency extracorporeal resus-citation, risk factors associated with arrest in the peri-anaesthetic period and management in the post-arrest period.