HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of Polygonum maritimum aerial parts extract and focus on the therapeutic potential against ethylene glycol-induced lithiasis in rats

The present study examined the antilithiasic activity of the hydromethanolic extract of Polygonum maritimum aerial parts (Pm). The chromatographic analysis made it possible to identify 30 compounds, namely gallic acid, (+)-catechin, three isomers of myricetin deoxyhexoside, quercetin pentoside, and quercitrin as the major molecules. The microscopic and macroscopic observations together with the plasma and urinary parameters as well as the histological analysis revealed that the use of Pm extracts (37.5 and 50 mg/kg) during 15 days significantly improved the elevated pH, hyperoxaluria, hypercalcemia, and decreased the urinary volume, when compared to the ethylene glycol group (EG-group). In addition, the microscopic examination revealed that the large crystals and oxalic aggregates detected in urinary, induced by EG (ethylene glycol), were mitigated by Pm-administration. Furthermore, the Pm supplement significantly restored the levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine, and also led to a strong diuresis which helped remove crystal debris. These results were reinforced by the histological study. The current study highlighted the potential use of Pm for its remarkable beneficial effect during the various lithogenic stages as well as for improving kidney function.