Haemorrhagic cystitis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. Guidelines from the SFGM-TC

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell trans-plantation (allo-HCT). Its manifestations range from microscopic hematuria without urinary symptoms to extensive and prolonged macroscopic hemorrhage requiring invasive interventions that can often prolong the duration of hospitalization and result in significant morbidity. The early onset of HC is related to allo-HCT conditioning regimen, whereas the late onset form is secondary to viral infection, most commonly due to BK virus. In the framework of the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) practice harmonization workshops held in Lille in September 2021, the prophylaxis, the diagnostic approach and the treatments of HC following allografting were reviewed after analysis of published studies.