Effect of Urtica dioica L. Essential oil (forms of free and nanoliposome) on some inoculated pathogens (Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes) in minced camel meat

The goal of research was to investigate the impact of nanoliposome and free forms of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) essential oil (EO) on sensory, chemical and microbial properties of minced camel meat during storage at 4 degrees C. In our investigation, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were inoculated into minced camel meat. The outcomes expressed the zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index and efficiency of encapsulation of prepared nanoliposome were -17.5 mV to -12.8 mV, 143 to 158 nm, 0.77 +/- 0.05 to 0.86 +/- 0.07 Mw/Mn and 50.26-67.28 %, respectively. Also, according to the microbial analysis, the MIC of EO and nanoliposome-EO (NEO) for E.coli was 25 +/- 2.5 and 25 +/- 2.1 mg/mL, respectively, and for L. monocytogenes was 12.5 +/- 2.1 and 12.5 +/- 2.1 mg/mL, respectively, and the MBC of EO and N-EO for L. monocytogenes was 50 +/- 3.1 and 50 +/- 3.2 mg/ mL, respectively, and for E. coli was 50 +/- 2.2 and 50 +/- 2.2 mg/mL, respectively. The highest of 2,2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were detected in the BHT 200 (94.7 +/- 2.7 and 95.6 +/- 3.2, respectively) and lowest of them were detected NEO1% (33.7 +/- 12.2 and 22.37 +/- 0.22, respectively). After 18 days, the minimum value of pH was identified in the N-EO 2 % group incubated with L. monocytogenes (with pH = 6.9) and E. coli (with pH = 6.87). Furthermore, after 18 days of storage, the minimum TVB-N (total volatile basic nitrogen) value was observed in the N-EO group (26.89 mg N/100 g) and the maximum TVB-N value was observed in the control group (33.78 mg N/100 g). Finally, the N-EO and control treatment (during the experiment) had the highest and lowest sensory evaluation score, respectively. Finally, the N-EO group got a highest sensory score, whilst the group of control got the lowest acceptance score, after 18 days of storage. Based on the outcomes obtained from this research, using nettle (Urtica dioica L.) EO (in nanoliposome form) increases the storing time of minced camel meat.