Pedagogical components in the inclusion of students with mathematical learning difficulties in mathematics classes

This study examined the pedagogical components involved in the inclusion of students with mathematical learning difficulties (SMLD) in primary schools in Saudi Arabia as perceived by teachers and educational supervisors. A qualitative method was used to gather information from 22 mathematics teachers and six educational supervisors about their opinions, practices, and experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and documents, and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed three levels of pedagogical components that impact inclusion: systemic and structural components (such as readiness for inclusion and educational programs), teacher-related components (such as mastery of instructional practices and teacher preparedness), and student-related components (such as learned helplessness and learning tendencies). These findings stress the importance of considering the learning environment and developing effective strategies to support the inclusion of SMLD.